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Source: http://video.today.msnbc.msn.com/today/50970011/
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Thursday, February 28, 2013
Monster Black Hole's Spin Revealed for 1st Time
Astronomers have made the first reliable measurement of a supermassive black hole's spin, showcasing a technique that could help unravel the mysteries of these monsters' growth and evolution.
The enormous black hole at the center of the spiral galaxy NGC 1365 is spinning about 84 percent as fast as Einstein's general theory of relativity allows it to, researchers determined. The find demonstrates that at least some supermassive black holes are rotating rapidly ? a claim previous studies had hinted at but failed to confirm.
"It's the first time that we can really say that black holes are spinning," study co-author Fiona Harrison, of Caltech in Pasadena, told SPACE.com. "The promise that this holds for being able to understand how black holes grow is, I think, the major implication."
Staring at a black hole in X-ray light
Supermassive black holes are almost incomprehensibly huge, with some containing 10 billion or more times the mass of our sun. Scientists think one lurks at the heart of most, if not all, galaxies. [Gallery: Black Holes of the Universe]
NGC 1365, located about 56 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Fornax, does indeed harbor a gigantic black hole ? one as massive as several million suns.?And this behemoth is blasting out enormous quantities of energy as it gobbles up gas and other nearby matter, making it an intriguing target for astronomers.
In the new study, researchers analyzed observations two X-ray space telescopes ? the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton observatory and NASA's Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) ? made of NGC 1365 in July 2012.
By zeroing in on high-energy light emitted by iron atoms, the telescopes were able to trace the motion of the flat, rotating accretion disk that circles NGC 1365's black hole and funnels gas and dust into its greedy maw.
Astronomers found that the emissions are strongly distorted, suggesting that the inner edge of the accretion disk may be quite close to the black hole ? close enough for gravitational effects to wreak havoc with the X-rays streaming from the disk. This in turn implies a rapidly rotating black hole, since general relativity states that the faster a black hole is spinning, the closer its disk can come to it, Harrison said.
But that's just one interpretation. Another holds that such distortion, which has been observed in accretion disk emissions before, could be caused by clouds of gas that hang between a supermassive black hole and the telescopes observing it. [The Strangest Black Holes in the Universe]
"This has been a big controversy ? which of the two is going on?" Harrison said.
Pinning down a black hole's spin
The $165 million NuSTAR telescope, which just launched in June 2012, finally cracked the case.
Using NuSTAR's super-sensitive measurements of high-energy X-rays, the astronomers calculated that the purported gas clouds would have to be incredibly thick to produce the observed distortion levels ? so thick as to make the whole idea untenable, at least in the case of NGC 1365's black hole.
"To shine through these thick clouds, the black hole would have to be so bright it would basically blow itself apart," said Harrison, who's principal investigator for the NuSTAR mission. "So what has to be happening is, what we're seeing is these relativistic distortions. And that means that the disk is coming close to the black hole, which means the black hole must be spinning rapidly."
The research team, led by Guido Risaliti of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics' Arcetri Observatory, calculated this rotation rate to be 84 percent of that allowed by general relativity.
It's tough to comprehend this figure, since it doesn't translate well into miles per hour.?But it's safe to say that the black hole is spinning incredibly fast.
"The analogy of an actual velocity is not quite right," Harrison said. "But what you can say is that spinning black holes twist space-time around them. And if you were standing near the black hole, basically your space-time would be twisted, or dragged, around such that you would have to rotate once every four minutes just to be standing still."
The new study was published online today (Feb. 27) in the journal Nature.
Learning about black hole growth
Astronomers think supermassive black holes acquire most of their spin as they grow, rather than being born with it. So studying their rotation rates can yield insights into how these monsters have evolved over time.
The superfast spin of NGC 1365's black hole, for example, implies that it did not grow via numerous small black-hole mergers, Harrison said, since the odds are very low that many such chaotic events would spin it up in the same direction.
Rather, it's more likely that NGC 1365's central black hole acquired its spin from one major merger, or simply by gobbling material from an accretion disk that has remained stable over the long haul.
The new study represents a first step toward a better understanding of the nature and evolution of supermassive black holes, Harrison said.
"We will make more measurements like this," she said. "Eventually what you'd like to do is have a bigger telescope that can actually measure more distant black holes so we can, using the statistics of the sample, understand how they grow over cosmic time."
Follow SPACE.com senior writer Mike Wall on Twitter @michaeldwall?or SPACE.com @Spacedotcom. We're also on Facebook?and?Google+.
Copyright 2013 SPACE.com, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.Source: http://news.yahoo.com/monster-black-holes-spin-revealed-1st-time-181041756.html
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Friday, February 22, 2013
BESAFE Conference in Manchester: Working towards a brighter future for biodiversity
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Public release date: 22-Feb-2013[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Rob Bugter
Rob.Bugter@wur.nl
31-317-486-067
Pensoft Publishers
A joint BESAFE BIOMOT meeting is held between 20-22 February in Manchester, UK to map the progress and development of the projects and set the agenda for the future. Alongside reports from the last 16 months, this meeting will focus on the forthcoming case study work. A special session of the workshop will be designated to the interface between the two projects to outline the common objectives and directions for possible cooperation.
The general aim of the FP7 funded project BESAFE is to provide a framework that summarises the impact of alternative arguments used to explain the importance of biodiversity protection, and to make this framework easily accessible and usable through a publicly accessible database and associated toolkit. BESAFE aims at innovating and improving biodiversity protection, through demonstrating its value through applying ecological, socio-economic, spatial and temporal contexts.
The BIOMOT project (MOTivational strength of ecosystem services and alternative ways to express the value of BIOdiversity) addresses the same problem of building and sustaining motivation to act for biodiversity. BIOMOT undertakes empirical research in seven European countries to examine the potential or observed effectiveness of alternative ways to argue the case for swift and effective action to prevent further degradation of the natural world.
As the two project coordinators put it: "BESAFE and BIOMOT are different. The first project is looking at arguments at work, the second at why people act for biodiversity. They are therefore quite complementary. Yet they have a common drive to develop a new, non-economic language to speak about nature in policy making. On that basis they also share some of the case study work".
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 22-Feb-2013[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Rob Bugter
Rob.Bugter@wur.nl
31-317-486-067
Pensoft Publishers
A joint BESAFE BIOMOT meeting is held between 20-22 February in Manchester, UK to map the progress and development of the projects and set the agenda for the future. Alongside reports from the last 16 months, this meeting will focus on the forthcoming case study work. A special session of the workshop will be designated to the interface between the two projects to outline the common objectives and directions for possible cooperation.
The general aim of the FP7 funded project BESAFE is to provide a framework that summarises the impact of alternative arguments used to explain the importance of biodiversity protection, and to make this framework easily accessible and usable through a publicly accessible database and associated toolkit. BESAFE aims at innovating and improving biodiversity protection, through demonstrating its value through applying ecological, socio-economic, spatial and temporal contexts.
The BIOMOT project (MOTivational strength of ecosystem services and alternative ways to express the value of BIOdiversity) addresses the same problem of building and sustaining motivation to act for biodiversity. BIOMOT undertakes empirical research in seven European countries to examine the potential or observed effectiveness of alternative ways to argue the case for swift and effective action to prevent further degradation of the natural world.
As the two project coordinators put it: "BESAFE and BIOMOT are different. The first project is looking at arguments at work, the second at why people act for biodiversity. They are therefore quite complementary. Yet they have a common drive to develop a new, non-economic language to speak about nature in policy making. On that basis they also share some of the case study work".
###
Posted by Pensoft Publishers
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-02/pp-bci022213.php
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Will Fukushima Help Japan's Robotics Industry?
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Thursday, February 21, 2013
Google's next task for Glass? Making it look like something you want to wear
Google's Glass augmented reality project opened itself to a few thousand more potential wearers with the #ifihadglass promotion, but according to the New York Times it's already addressing the question of if people want Glass. One major obstacle to introducing such a new type of product is making it look good, and the paper reports Google is negotiating with online glasses seller Warby Parker to help design better looking frames, citing unnamed sources. Of course, we ran to the counter, $1,500 in hand to get a taste of the future of wearable computing -- and take first person pics of that group skydiving we're always doing -- but we can imagine any efforts to take Glass mass market will need some refashioning first.
Filed under: Wearables
Source: New York Times
Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/02/21/google-glass-warby-parker-rumor/
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Wednesday, February 20, 2013
HTC One Hands On: Exactly How You're Supposed to Build a Phone
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Loran Smith: In running a football or a business, few excel like Herschel Walker
WESTLAKE, Texas ? The Herschel Walker you know is likely the one who won the Heisman Trophy, played 15 years of professional football and pursued a number of competitions ? from bobsledding to mixed martial arts.
There?s the Herschel who collects antique automobiles, the Herschel who is trying to improve his golf game.
You are likely familiar with the Herschel who is still doing 3,500 sit-ups and 1,500 pushups daily, the one who weighs two pounds less than the 220 pounds of his playing days at the University of Georgia. Now aged 51, Herschel has always considered himself the best-conditioned athlete in the world. Nothing has changed.
Then there is Herschel Walker the businessman. His business umbrella corporation is Herschel Walker Enterprises. His Renaissance Man Food Services, a subsidiary headquartered in Savannah, owns three processing plants in Siloam Springs, Ark., and sales in the U.S. and Canada the last couple of years make him the largest minority chicken company in the country. Then there is 34 Productions, which deals with the promotional side of his business and athletic interests and is the parent of his new restaurant on Clayton Street in Athens, Herschel?s Famous 34 Pub & Grill.
Anyone who knew him as a precocious freshman tailback at Georgia and interacts with him today gains a different perspective. Herschel, the corporate executive and business owner, is hands on. Seasoned and introspective, He hosts board meetings where team building is prominent on the agenda. When he shows up at one of his processing plants, he goes about meeting his employees, intoning spiritual and motivational thoughts and homilies into every conversation. He?ll grab a broom and help sweep off a loading dock. He?ll sign autographs, but he mostly is about due diligence and production in the workplace. He never holds himself up as special, often saying, ?I?m from little Wrightsville, Ga. If I can do it, you can too.?
When you see summaries of all the well-known athletes ? even superstars ? who have gone wrong financially, you find the Herschel approach refreshing. He travels, he works, and he seeks to motivate, inspire, and lead. (?We are put on earth to help people. Give a man a job and he can help somebody else.?) That view has become his mantra. He practices in his businesses that time-honored Bulldogs theme authored by the late Erk Russell, ?BIG TEAM, little me,? with deep passion. He tells his employees that ?if we are on the same page and everybody does his job, we can do great things.?
When he reflects on Georgia?s winning the national championship in 1980, he invokes the team concept as being the difference, expressing himself in his familiar third-person vernacular.
I have looked at the film. Did you ever see Herschel getting hit in the backfield? Never, which means the offensive line was doing a terrific job. We loved each other. We always believed in ourselves, that nobody could beat us. I tell everybody if Herschel had played quarterback we wouldn?t have won a game. With a team in football or in business, you only win or succeed if everybody is pulling together.
He reminds a listener that he gained 235 yards against Florida in 1980 but points out that it ?would have for naught if Lindsay Scott hadn?t caught that touchdown pass (93 yards from Buck Belue).? Just as it was when he was leading Georgia to the national championship, Herschel has good things to say about everybody.
For example, when he ran over Bill Bates for that first touchdown against Tennessee in 1980, he defends the Volunteers? defensive back. ?If you look at the film, Bill ducked his head just as I made contact, a cardinal sin for a tackler. I think he slipped on the turf.? In other words, if Bates had not slipped and had hit Herschel straight up, it might have been different. With the Cowboys, where Bates excelled on defense for 15 years, Herschel never brought up the Tennessee game. ?I didn?t have to,? he says. Everybody else did.?
His home at the gated Vaquero Country Club is in an exclusive neighborhood with homes ranging from $1.5 million dollars and up. Typical of the conservative Herschel, he bought his house during a down time in the market. His neighbors include political pundit Glenn Beck, New Orleans Saint coach Sean Peyton and others, including corporate CEOs and big-league baseball players. Herschel has a five-car garage, which contains an antique pickup truck he has restored.
When he is not on the road, he spends time with his fianc?e, Julie Blanchard, and his dog, Cheerio. He works the cell phone and computer, keeping up with his multiple business enterprises. He is always exercising. If he wants room service for a quiet dinner, he can call the country club and ask for room service. If he goes to the club for lunch, an attendant will wash his car while he is enjoying a meal.
Do a casual check with Google, and you can find sad stories of athletes who have run through millions and are now broke: Curt Schilling announced in 2012 that he had lost his entire $50 million baseball fortune to a bad business venture; Boxer Mike Tyson has squandered $300 million, and Evander Holyfield, who earned $250 million in the ring, is busted; NBA star Allen Iverson, after making $154 million in salary and $30 to $50 million in endorsements, told a judge last year he was ?flat broke;? golfer John Daly admitted he lost over $50 million gambling. Divorced four times, Daly said he has very little monthly income. Then there is Travis Henry, the NFL running back who fathered 11 children with 10 women and who cannot keep up with his child support payments.
Compare Herschel to the many who are bankrupt with no means of income and you realize what an outstanding feat it is to find a professional athlete who has managed his money wisely. Even years later after attaining impressive financial success, Herschel went to purchase a bicycle for a competition. He thought he would really be ?splurging? if he had to pay $500. When he had to fork over $8,000, his thoughts were: ?I hope my daddy doesn?t find out about this. He will kill me.? Herschel, even though his standard of living has him connected with a big cash flow, still operates with the view, ?If you don?t need it, don?t buy it.?
Here?s to Herschel, one of the greatest names in football history, working for a living, trying to set a good example to kids, with a degree still on his mind, enjoying life and offering this reminder to all athletes: ?What you did on the field may make it easy for you to get in the door, but after that you only succeed in business by working hard and looking after your money.?
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